Diversity of lactase persistence in African milk drinkers
Identifieur interne : 000048 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000047; suivant : 000049Diversity of lactase persistence in African milk drinkers
Auteurs : Bryony Leigh Jones [Royaume-Uni] ; Tamiru Oljira [Éthiopie] ; Anke Liebert [Royaume-Uni] ; Pawel Zmarz [Royaume-Uni] ; Nicolas Montalva [Royaume-Uni] ; Ayele Tarekeyn [Royaume-Uni] ; Rosemary Ekong [Royaume-Uni] ; Mark G. Thomas [Royaume-Uni] ; Endashaw Bekele [Éthiopie] ; Neil Bradman [Royaume-Uni] ; Dallas M. Swallow [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Human Genetics [ 0340-6717 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
The genetic trait of lactase persistence is attributable to allelic variants in an enhancer region upstream of the lactase gene,
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00439-015-1573-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1573-2
PubMed: 26054462
PubMed Central: 4495257
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000055
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000054
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000042
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 000192
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 000192
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 000192
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 000048
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 000048
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Diversity of lactase persistence in African milk drinkers</title>
<author><name sortKey="Jones, Bryony Leigh" sort="Jones, Bryony Leigh" uniqKey="Jones B" first="Bryony Leigh" last="Jones">Bryony Leigh Jones</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oljira, Tamiru" sort="Oljira, Tamiru" uniqKey="Oljira T" first="Tamiru" last="Oljira">Tamiru Oljira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Haramaya, P.O. Box 32597, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Haramaya, P.O. Box 32597, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liebert, Anke" sort="Liebert, Anke" uniqKey="Liebert A" first="Anke" last="Liebert">Anke Liebert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zmarz, Pawel" sort="Zmarz, Pawel" uniqKey="Zmarz P" first="Pawel" last="Zmarz">Pawel Zmarz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montalva, Nicolas" sort="Montalva, Nicolas" uniqKey="Montalva N" first="Nicolas" last="Montalva">Nicolas Montalva</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tarekeyn, Ayele" sort="Tarekeyn, Ayele" uniqKey="Tarekeyn A" first="Ayele" last="Tarekeyn">Ayele Tarekeyn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Henry Stewart Group, 28/30 Little Russell Street, WC1A 2HN London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Henry Stewart Group, 28/30 Little Russell Street, WC1A 2HN London</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>WC1A 2HN London</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ekong, Rosemary" sort="Ekong, Rosemary" uniqKey="Ekong R" first="Rosemary" last="Ekong">Rosemary Ekong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Mark G" sort="Thomas, Mark G" uniqKey="Thomas M" first="Mark G." last="Thomas">Mark G. Thomas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bekele, Endashaw" sort="Bekele, Endashaw" uniqKey="Bekele E" first="Endashaw" last="Bekele">Endashaw Bekele</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bradman, Neil" sort="Bradman, Neil" uniqKey="Bradman N" first="Neil" last="Bradman">Neil Bradman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Henry Stewart Group, 28/30 Little Russell Street, WC1A 2HN London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Henry Stewart Group, 28/30 Little Russell Street, WC1A 2HN London</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>WC1A 2HN London</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swallow, Dallas M" sort="Swallow, Dallas M" uniqKey="Swallow D" first="Dallas M." last="Swallow">Dallas M. Swallow</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">26054462</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4495257</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4495257</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4495257</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1007/s00439-015-1573-2</idno>
<date when="2015">2015</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000055</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000055</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000054</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000054</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000042</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000042</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000192</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000192</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000192</idno>
<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0340-6717:2015:Jones B:diversity:of:lactase</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000048</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000048</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000048</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Diversity of lactase persistence in African milk drinkers</title>
<author><name sortKey="Jones, Bryony Leigh" sort="Jones, Bryony Leigh" uniqKey="Jones B" first="Bryony Leigh" last="Jones">Bryony Leigh Jones</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oljira, Tamiru" sort="Oljira, Tamiru" uniqKey="Oljira T" first="Tamiru" last="Oljira">Tamiru Oljira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Haramaya, P.O. Box 32597, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Haramaya, P.O. Box 32597, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liebert, Anke" sort="Liebert, Anke" uniqKey="Liebert A" first="Anke" last="Liebert">Anke Liebert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zmarz, Pawel" sort="Zmarz, Pawel" uniqKey="Zmarz P" first="Pawel" last="Zmarz">Pawel Zmarz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Montalva, Nicolas" sort="Montalva, Nicolas" uniqKey="Montalva N" first="Nicolas" last="Montalva">Nicolas Montalva</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tarekeyn, Ayele" sort="Tarekeyn, Ayele" uniqKey="Tarekeyn A" first="Ayele" last="Tarekeyn">Ayele Tarekeyn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Henry Stewart Group, 28/30 Little Russell Street, WC1A 2HN London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Henry Stewart Group, 28/30 Little Russell Street, WC1A 2HN London</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>WC1A 2HN London</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ekong, Rosemary" sort="Ekong, Rosemary" uniqKey="Ekong R" first="Rosemary" last="Ekong">Rosemary Ekong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Mark G" sort="Thomas, Mark G" uniqKey="Thomas M" first="Mark G." last="Thomas">Mark G. Thomas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bekele, Endashaw" sort="Bekele, Endashaw" uniqKey="Bekele E" first="Endashaw" last="Bekele">Endashaw Bekele</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bradman, Neil" sort="Bradman, Neil" uniqKey="Bradman N" first="Neil" last="Bradman">Neil Bradman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Henry Stewart Group, 28/30 Little Russell Street, WC1A 2HN London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Henry Stewart Group, 28/30 Little Russell Street, WC1A 2HN London</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>WC1A 2HN London</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swallow, Dallas M" sort="Swallow, Dallas M" uniqKey="Swallow D" first="Dallas M." last="Swallow">Dallas M. Swallow</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Human Genetics</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0340-6717</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1432-1203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2015">2015</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The genetic trait of lactase persistence is attributable to allelic variants in an enhancer region upstream of the lactase gene, <italic>LCT</italic>
. To date, five different functional alleles, −<italic>13910*T</italic>
, −<italic>13907*G</italic>
, −<italic>13915*G</italic>
, −<italic>14009*G</italic>
and −<italic>14010*C</italic>
, have been identified. The co-occurrence of several of these alleles in Ethiopian lactose digesters leads to a pattern of sequence diversity characteristic of a ‘soft selective sweep’. Here we hypothesise that throughout Africa, where multiple functional alleles co-exist, the enhancer diversity will be greater in groups who are traditional milk drinkers than in non-milk drinkers, as the result of this sort of parallel selection. Samples from 23 distinct groups from 10 different countries were examined. Each group was classified ‘Yes ‘or ‘No’ for milk-drinking, and ethnicity, language spoken and geographic location were recorded. Predicted lactase persistence frequency and enhancer diversity were, as hypothesised, higher in the milk drinkers than the non-milk-drinkers, but this was almost entirely accounted for by the Afro-Asiatic language speaking peoples of east Africa. The other groups, including the ‘Nilo-Saharan language speaking’ milk-drinkers, show lower frequencies of LP and lower diversity, and there was a north-east to south-west decline in overall diversity. Amongst the Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic) language speaking Oromo, however, the geographic cline was not evident and the southern pastoralist Borana showed much higher LP frequency and enhancer diversity than the other groups. Together these results reflect the effects of parallel selection, the stochastic processes of the occurrence and spread of the mutations, and time depth of milk drinking tradition.</p>
<sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title>
<p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00439-015-1573-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aoki, K" uniqKey="Aoki K">K Aoki</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arnold, J" uniqKey="Arnold J">J Arnold</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diop, M" uniqKey="Diop M">M Diop</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kodjovi, M" uniqKey="Kodjovi M">M Kodjovi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rozier, J" uniqKey="Rozier J">J Rozier</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Baddeley, A" uniqKey="Baddeley A">A Baddeley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turner, R" uniqKey="Turner R">R Turner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bayoumi, Ra" uniqKey="Bayoumi R">RA Bayoumi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flatz, Sd" uniqKey="Flatz S">SD Flatz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuhnau, W" uniqKey="Kuhnau W">W Kuhnau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flatz, G" uniqKey="Flatz G">G Flatz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bersaglieri, T" uniqKey="Bersaglieri T">T Bersaglieri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sabeti, Pc" uniqKey="Sabeti P">PC Sabeti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Patterson, N" uniqKey="Patterson N">N Patterson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vanderploeg, T" uniqKey="Vanderploeg T">T Vanderploeg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schaffner, Sf" uniqKey="Schaffner S">SF Schaffner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drake, Ja" uniqKey="Drake J">JA Drake</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rhodes, M" uniqKey="Rhodes M">M Rhodes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reich, De" uniqKey="Reich D">DE Reich</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hirschhorn, Jn" uniqKey="Hirschhorn J">JN Hirschhorn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breton, G" uniqKey="Breton G">G Breton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schlebusch, Cm" uniqKey="Schlebusch C">CM Schlebusch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lombard, M" uniqKey="Lombard M">M Lombard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sjodin, P" uniqKey="Sjodin P">P Sjodin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soodyall, H" uniqKey="Soodyall H">H Soodyall</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jakobsson, M" uniqKey="Jakobsson M">M Jakobsson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chevin, Lm" uniqKey="Chevin L">LM Chevin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Billiard, S" uniqKey="Billiard S">S Billiard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hospital, F" uniqKey="Hospital F">F Hospital</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Enattah, Ns" uniqKey="Enattah N">NS Enattah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sahi, T" uniqKey="Sahi T">T Sahi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Savilahti, E" uniqKey="Savilahti E">E Savilahti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Terwilliger, Jd" uniqKey="Terwilliger J">JD Terwilliger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peltonen, L" uniqKey="Peltonen L">L Peltonen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jarvela, I" uniqKey="Jarvela I">I Jarvela</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gallego Romero, I" uniqKey="Gallego Romero I">I Gallego Romero</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Basu Mallick, C" uniqKey="Basu Mallick C">C Basu Mallick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liebert, A" uniqKey="Liebert A">A Liebert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Crivellaro, F" uniqKey="Crivellaro F">F Crivellaro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chaubey, G" uniqKey="Chaubey G">G Chaubey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Itan, Y" uniqKey="Itan Y">Y Itan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Metspalu, M" uniqKey="Metspalu M">M Metspalu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eaaswarkhanth, M" uniqKey="Eaaswarkhanth M">M Eaaswarkhanth</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pitchappan, R" uniqKey="Pitchappan R">R Pitchappan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Villems, R" uniqKey="Villems R">R Villems</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harvey, Cb" uniqKey="Harvey C">CB Harvey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hollox, Ej" uniqKey="Hollox E">EJ Hollox</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poulter, M" uniqKey="Poulter M">M Poulter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Y" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rossi, M" uniqKey="Rossi M">M Rossi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Auricchio, S" uniqKey="Auricchio S">S Auricchio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iqbal, Th" uniqKey="Iqbal T">TH Iqbal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cooper, Bt" uniqKey="Cooper B">BT Cooper</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barton, R" uniqKey="Barton R">R Barton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sarner, M" uniqKey="Sarner M">M Sarner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hermisson, J" uniqKey="Hermisson J">J Hermisson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pennings, Ps" uniqKey="Pennings P">PS Pennings</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Holden, C" uniqKey="Holden C">C Holden</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mace, R" uniqKey="Mace R">R Mace</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hollox, Ej" uniqKey="Hollox E">EJ Hollox</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poulter, M" uniqKey="Poulter M">M Poulter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zvarik, M" uniqKey="Zvarik M">M Zvarik</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ferak, V" uniqKey="Ferak V">V Ferak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krause, A" uniqKey="Krause A">A Krause</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jenkins, T" uniqKey="Jenkins T">T Jenkins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saha, N" uniqKey="Saha N">N Saha</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kozlov, Ai" uniqKey="Kozlov A">AI Kozlov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swallow, Dm" uniqKey="Swallow D">DM Swallow</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ingram, Cj" uniqKey="Ingram C">CJ Ingram</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Elamin, Mf" uniqKey="Elamin M">MF Elamin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mulcare, Ca" uniqKey="Mulcare C">CA Mulcare</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weale, Me" uniqKey="Weale M">ME Weale</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tarekegn, A" uniqKey="Tarekegn A">A Tarekegn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raga, To" uniqKey="Raga T">TO Raga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bekele, E" uniqKey="Bekele E">E Bekele</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Elamin, Fm" uniqKey="Elamin F">FM Elamin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Mg" uniqKey="Thomas M">MG Thomas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bradman, N" uniqKey="Bradman N">N Bradman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ingram, Cj" uniqKey="Ingram C">CJ Ingram</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mulcare, Ca" uniqKey="Mulcare C">CA Mulcare</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Itan, Y" uniqKey="Itan Y">Y Itan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Mg" uniqKey="Thomas M">MG Thomas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swallow, Dm" uniqKey="Swallow D">DM Swallow</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ingram, Cj" uniqKey="Ingram C">CJ Ingram</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raga, To" uniqKey="Raga T">TO Raga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tarekegn, A" uniqKey="Tarekegn A">A Tarekegn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Browning, Sl" uniqKey="Browning S">SL Browning</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Elamin, Mf" uniqKey="Elamin M">MF Elamin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bekele, E" uniqKey="Bekele E">E Bekele</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Mg" uniqKey="Thomas M">MG Thomas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weale, Me" uniqKey="Weale M">ME Weale</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bradman, N" uniqKey="Bradman N">N Bradman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swallow, Dm" uniqKey="Swallow D">DM Swallow</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jensen, Tg" uniqKey="Jensen T">TG Jensen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liebert, A" uniqKey="Liebert A">A Liebert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lewinsky, R" uniqKey="Lewinsky R">R Lewinsky</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swallow, Dm" uniqKey="Swallow D">DM Swallow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olsen, J" uniqKey="Olsen J">J Olsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Troelsen, Jt" uniqKey="Troelsen J">JT Troelsen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jones, Bl" uniqKey="Jones B">BL Jones</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raga, To" uniqKey="Raga T">TO Raga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liebert, A" uniqKey="Liebert A">A Liebert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zmarz, P" uniqKey="Zmarz P">P Zmarz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bekele, E" uniqKey="Bekele E">E Bekele</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Danielsen, Et" uniqKey="Danielsen E">ET Danielsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olsen, Ak" uniqKey="Olsen A">AK Olsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bradman, N" uniqKey="Bradman N">N Bradman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Troelsen, Jt" uniqKey="Troelsen J">JT Troelsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swallow, Dm" uniqKey="Swallow D">DM Swallow</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Macholdt, E" uniqKey="Macholdt E">E Macholdt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lede, V" uniqKey="Lede V">V Lede</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barbieri, C" uniqKey="Barbieri C">C Barbieri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mpoloka, Sw" uniqKey="Mpoloka S">SW Mpoloka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, H" uniqKey="Chen H">H Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Slatkin, M" uniqKey="Slatkin M">M Slatkin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pakendorf, B" uniqKey="Pakendorf B">B Pakendorf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stoneking, M" uniqKey="Stoneking M">M Stoneking</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Macholdt, E" uniqKey="Macholdt E">E Macholdt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Slatkin, M" uniqKey="Slatkin M">M Slatkin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pakendorf, B" uniqKey="Pakendorf B">B Pakendorf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stoneking, M" uniqKey="Stoneking M">M Stoneking</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mulcare, Ca" uniqKey="Mulcare C">CA Mulcare</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weale, Me" uniqKey="Weale M">ME Weale</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jones, Al" uniqKey="Jones A">AL Jones</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Connell, B" uniqKey="Connell B">B Connell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zeitlyn, D" uniqKey="Zeitlyn D">D Zeitlyn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tarekegn, A" uniqKey="Tarekegn A">A Tarekegn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swallow, Dm" uniqKey="Swallow D">DM Swallow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bradman, N" uniqKey="Bradman N">N Bradman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Mg" uniqKey="Thomas M">MG Thomas</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Murdock, Gp" uniqKey="Murdock G">GP Murdock</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Murdock, Gp" uniqKey="Murdock G">GP Murdock</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Myles, S" uniqKey="Myles S">S Myles</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bouzekri, N" uniqKey="Bouzekri N">N Bouzekri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haverfield, E" uniqKey="Haverfield E">E Haverfield</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cherkaoui, M" uniqKey="Cherkaoui M">M Cherkaoui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dugoujon, Jm" uniqKey="Dugoujon J">JM Dugoujon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ward, R" uniqKey="Ward R">R Ward</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pagani, L" uniqKey="Pagani L">L Pagani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kivisild, T" uniqKey="Kivisild T">T Kivisild</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tarekegn, A" uniqKey="Tarekegn A">A Tarekegn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ekong, R" uniqKey="Ekong R">R Ekong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Plaster, C" uniqKey="Plaster C">C Plaster</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gallego Romero, I" uniqKey="Gallego Romero I">I Gallego Romero</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ayub, Q" uniqKey="Ayub Q">Q Ayub</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mehdi, Sq" uniqKey="Mehdi S">SQ Mehdi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Mg" uniqKey="Thomas M">MG Thomas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luiselli, D" uniqKey="Luiselli D">D Luiselli</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pennings, Ps" uniqKey="Pennings P">PS Pennings</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hermisson, J" uniqKey="Hermisson J">J Hermisson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pennings, Ps" uniqKey="Pennings P">PS Pennings</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hermisson, J" uniqKey="Hermisson J">J Hermisson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Poulter, M" uniqKey="Poulter M">M Poulter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hollox, E" uniqKey="Hollox E">E Hollox</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harvey, Cb" uniqKey="Harvey C">CB Harvey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mulcare, C" uniqKey="Mulcare C">C Mulcare</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peuhkuri, K" uniqKey="Peuhkuri K">K Peuhkuri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kajander, K" uniqKey="Kajander K">K Kajander</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sarner, M" uniqKey="Sarner M">M Sarner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Korpela, R" uniqKey="Korpela R">R Korpela</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swallow, Dm" uniqKey="Swallow D">DM Swallow</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ranciaro, A" uniqKey="Ranciaro A">A Ranciaro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campbell, Mc" uniqKey="Campbell M">MC Campbell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hirbo, Jb" uniqKey="Hirbo J">JB Hirbo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ko, Wy" uniqKey="Ko W">WY Ko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Froment, A" uniqKey="Froment A">A Froment</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anagnostou, P" uniqKey="Anagnostou P">P Anagnostou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kotze, Mj" uniqKey="Kotze M">MJ Kotze</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ibrahim, M" uniqKey="Ibrahim M">M Ibrahim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nyambo, T" uniqKey="Nyambo T">T Nyambo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Omar, Sa" uniqKey="Omar S">SA Omar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rozas, J" uniqKey="Rozas J">J Rozas</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sabeti, Pc" uniqKey="Sabeti P">PC Sabeti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reich, De" uniqKey="Reich D">DE Reich</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Higgins, Jm" uniqKey="Higgins J">JM Higgins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levine, Hz" uniqKey="Levine H">HZ Levine</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Richter, Dj" uniqKey="Richter D">DJ Richter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schaffner, Sf" uniqKey="Schaffner S">SF Schaffner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gabriel, Sb" uniqKey="Gabriel S">SB Gabriel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Platko, Jv" uniqKey="Platko J">JV Platko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Patterson, Nj" uniqKey="Patterson N">NJ Patterson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, Gj" uniqKey="Mcdonald G">GJ McDonald</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simoons, Fj" uniqKey="Simoons F">FJ Simoons</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stephens, M" uniqKey="Stephens M">M Stephens</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Nj" uniqKey="Smith N">NJ Smith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Donnelly, P" uniqKey="Donnelly P">P Donnelly</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tishkoff, Sa" uniqKey="Tishkoff S">SA Tishkoff</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reed, Fa" uniqKey="Reed F">FA Reed</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ranciaro, A" uniqKey="Ranciaro A">A Ranciaro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Voight, Bf" uniqKey="Voight B">BF Voight</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Babbitt, Cc" uniqKey="Babbitt C">CC Babbitt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silverman, Js" uniqKey="Silverman J">JS Silverman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Powell, K" uniqKey="Powell K">K Powell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mortensen, Hm" uniqKey="Mortensen H">HM Mortensen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hirbo, Jb" uniqKey="Hirbo J">JB Hirbo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Osman, M" uniqKey="Osman M">M Osman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Troelsen, Jt" uniqKey="Troelsen J">JT Troelsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Olsen, J" uniqKey="Olsen J">J Olsen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moller, J" uniqKey="Moller J">J Moller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sjostrom, H" uniqKey="Sjostrom H">H Sjostrom</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Veeramah, Kr" uniqKey="Veeramah K">KR Veeramah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Connell, Ba" uniqKey="Connell B">BA Connell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ansari Pour, N" uniqKey="Ansari Pour N">N Ansari Pour</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Powell, A" uniqKey="Powell A">A Powell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Plaster, Ca" uniqKey="Plaster C">CA Plaster</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zeitlyn, D" uniqKey="Zeitlyn D">D Zeitlyn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mendell, Nr" uniqKey="Mendell N">NR Mendell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weale, Me" uniqKey="Weale M">ME Weale</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bradman, N" uniqKey="Bradman N">N Bradman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Mg" uniqKey="Thomas M">MG Thomas</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>Éthiopie</li>
</country>
<region><li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Grand Londres</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Londres</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>University College de Londres</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Jones, Bryony Leigh" sort="Jones, Bryony Leigh" uniqKey="Jones B" first="Bryony Leigh" last="Jones">Bryony Leigh Jones</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Bradman, Neil" sort="Bradman, Neil" uniqKey="Bradman N" first="Neil" last="Bradman">Neil Bradman</name>
<name sortKey="Ekong, Rosemary" sort="Ekong, Rosemary" uniqKey="Ekong R" first="Rosemary" last="Ekong">Rosemary Ekong</name>
<name sortKey="Liebert, Anke" sort="Liebert, Anke" uniqKey="Liebert A" first="Anke" last="Liebert">Anke Liebert</name>
<name sortKey="Montalva, Nicolas" sort="Montalva, Nicolas" uniqKey="Montalva N" first="Nicolas" last="Montalva">Nicolas Montalva</name>
<name sortKey="Swallow, Dallas M" sort="Swallow, Dallas M" uniqKey="Swallow D" first="Dallas M." last="Swallow">Dallas M. Swallow</name>
<name sortKey="Tarekeyn, Ayele" sort="Tarekeyn, Ayele" uniqKey="Tarekeyn A" first="Ayele" last="Tarekeyn">Ayele Tarekeyn</name>
<name sortKey="Thomas, Mark G" sort="Thomas, Mark G" uniqKey="Thomas M" first="Mark G." last="Thomas">Mark G. Thomas</name>
<name sortKey="Zmarz, Pawel" sort="Zmarz, Pawel" uniqKey="Zmarz P" first="Pawel" last="Zmarz">Pawel Zmarz</name>
</country>
<country name="Éthiopie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Oljira, Tamiru" sort="Oljira, Tamiru" uniqKey="Oljira T" first="Tamiru" last="Oljira">Tamiru Oljira</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Bekele, Endashaw" sort="Bekele, Endashaw" uniqKey="Bekele E" first="Endashaw" last="Bekele">Endashaw Bekele</name>
<name sortKey="Oljira, Tamiru" sort="Oljira, Tamiru" uniqKey="Oljira T" first="Tamiru" last="Oljira">Tamiru Oljira</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Linguistique/explor/TamazightV2/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000048 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000048 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Linguistique |area= TamazightV2 |flux= Main |étape= Exploration |type= RBID |clé= PMC:4495257 |texte= Diversity of lactase persistence in African milk drinkers }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:26054462" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a TamazightV2
This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |